KTH, Div. of Graphics Art Technology

RGB - Colorsynthesis of Red, Green and Blue for colourpicturepresentation

Written by Robert Kornfeld

A brief presentation of the topic:

RGB is used to present colorimages on electronic devices such as Catode Ray Tubes (CRT) on televisionsets and monitors. It is also the method used on Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)-screens.

Description of the technique.

In the CRT-monitor there are three layers of phosphorus, each one of them emiting light representing the three primary colors, Red, Green and Blue. With lights from the different sources with different strength and quantity in one spot (pixel) it is possible to create all the differnt colors that the eye can recognise. The more pixels the screen, the higher resolution. It is a matter of a visiual fenomena. The principles are the same in the LCD monitors, with layers of cristals instead of phosphorus. This is possible when each of the colors are representing a part of the spectra possible to see: Blue 400-500 nanometers, green 500-600 nanometers and red between 600 and 700 nanometer.

The ammount of memory requierd to store a RGB depends on the width of the spectra that is to be reproduced. Either four, eight or twelwe bits memory per colour is normal. If eight bits is used it takes three bytes memory per pixel and three Mega Byte memory for a picture of a million pixels.

Since CRT is the most convenient way to present electronic images nowadays, all modern pre-press is based on RGB. Pictures are scanned in RGB with different resolutions of pixels. Also the new digital cameras work with RGB for colorrepresentation.

If the RGB images are to be reprodused on laserwriters or on films for offset prints it is recomended to store the images as EPS-files. If the images are to be stored pixel by pixel for further use on CRT or LCD-devices they ought to be saved in the norms of TIFF. Since the images normally are stored with eight bits for each red, green, and blue for every pixel, and an image consists of milions of pixels, it can be convenient to use JPEGto minimise the memory neededto save the image.

When to reproduce the digital images on print you must convert the images to CMYK colorstandard. The theory of printing color images is to create colours by diferent layers of ink consisting the colors Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Keycolor(black). It is notable that when using RGB your results are depending on the equipment. Not two monitors are the same in presenting a special color due to age and use, for instance. To avoid any misstakes it is recomended to convert to the CIE colorstandard to equalize the different monitors and scanners on a worksite.

Connecting links:

  • Links to documents on WWW regarding RGB
  • Why some pictures are darker with RGB on CRT-output
  • Gamma correction for CRT
  • General Information about colorspace
  • Color equalization for image pairs
  • Other interesting topics by students. - menu
    /Robert Kornfeld